Judges and Judiciary
Dec. 24, 2002
Sparks in the Court
SAN FRANCISCO - The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals rocked the country this year with just two words - "under God." Judge Alfred Goodwin, a Nixon-appointed Republican, said use of the phrase "under God," which was added in 1954 to the Pledge of Allegiance, violates the U.S. Constitution's ban on government establishment of religion.
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