Constitutional Law,
9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals
Mar. 28, 2025
Doctors challenge state rule requiring implicit bias training
A 9th Circuit panel is reviewing a First Amendment challenge to a California law that mandates implicit bias instruction in continuing medical education. Plaintiffs argue the rule compels speech; the state says it's enforcing a regulatory standard.




A dispute over whether California can require doctors to include lessons on implicit bias in continuing medical education courses reached the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals on Thursday, as a panel of judges questioned whether such instruction qualifies as government speech or an unconstitutional intrusion on physicians' First Amendment rights.
Joshua P. Thompson, an attorney with the Pacific Legal Foundation, compared the medical education courses to continuing legal educat...
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